In this study, we investigated the effect of agricultural land concentrations of HEAVY METALs including Copper, A(RS)enic and Zinc and mapping of soil contamination potential the elements in the areas studied using the collected data, (GIS), Geo-statistics and REMOTE SENSING were conducted. Fi(RS)t, using 135 surface soils (0-20cm) classified random SYSTEMatic sampling in the region area 7262 square kilomete(RS) were collected and total element concentrations, soil characteristics, including the pH and organic matte(RS) were measured. Interpolation for HEAVY METALs concentrations were done by geo-statistics methods, and assisting location correlation analysis, interpolation suitable method was chosen using MAE and MBE function. For HEAVY METALs concentration maps, Copper and Zinc, we used Ordinary Kriging and exponential model and for A(RS)enic Ordinary Kriging and Spherical models. For analyzing the METAL’s concentration distribution maps of POLLUTION time series satellite images were used. For this purpose, five time series of satellite images of I(RS)P6 sensor Awifs (6 March, 3 April, 27 April, 9 June, 18 July and 16 August) were prepared. Using conventional classification methods and advanced satellite imagery maps of Land Use in 2009 was prepared. Finally FUZZY classification method map due to having the higher kappa coefficient as a final land use map was selected. Site analysis of studied HEAVY METAL interpolation maps assisted by (GIS) and REMOTE SENSING assistive showed that Copper and Zinc have geological and agricultural origins. And A(RS)enic has originated from bedrock, but agricultural activities according to excessive consumption of chemical fertilize(RS) can increase most of these elements in soil.

In this study, we investigated the effect of agricultural land concentrations of HEAVY METALs including Copper, A(RS)enic and Zinc and mapping of soil contamination potential the elements in the areas studied using the collected data, (GIS), Geo-statistics and REMOTE SENSING were conducted. Fi(RS)t, using 135 surface soils (0-20cm) classified random SYSTEMatic sampling in the region area 7262 square kilomete(RS) were collected and total element concentrations, soil characteristics, including the pH and organic matte(RS) were measured. Interpolation for HEAVY METALs concentrations were done by geo-statistics methods, and assisting location correlation analysis, interpolation suitable method was chosen using MAE and MBE function. For HEAVY METALs concentration maps, Copper and Zinc, we used Ordinary Kriging and exponential model and for A(RS)enic Ordinary Kriging and Spherical models. For analyzing the METAL's concentration distribution maps of POLLUTION time series satellite images were used. For this purpose, five time series of satellite images of I(RS)P6 sensor Awifs (6 March, 3 April, 27 April, 9 June, 18 July and 16 August) were prepared. Using conventional classification methods and advanced satellite imagery maps of Land Use in 2009 was prepared. Finally FUZZY classification method map due to having the higher kappa coefficient as a final land use map was selected. Site analysis of studied HEAVY METAL interpolation maps assisted by (GIS) and REMOTE SENSING assistive showed that Copper and Zinc have geological and agricultural origins. And A(RS)enic has originated from bedrock, but agricultural activities according to excessive consumption of chemical fertilize(RS) can increase most of these elements in soil.

Natural hazards are unfortunate accidents that cause a lot of irreparable damage to the natural environment and man-made phenomena every year. Floods are among the hazards that have always been likely to occur as a natural hazard to humans. In the meantime, identifying flood-prone areas is one of the fi(RS)t measures to deal with them. Darab city was not isolated from this matter and this study was conducted to prepare a flood potential map of the city. Because many criteria are involved in flooding in any region. Therefore in this study 12 criteria including Slope, Aspect, Rainfall, Runoff Height, Curve Number status (CN), Flow Accumulation, Soil Hydrological Groups status, Land Use, Vegetation Density, Drainage Network Density, Basin Elevation, and Distance to Drainage Network, selected and maps were prepared for each. In the next step, the prepared maps were weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and using Expert Choice software and their FUZZY process was performed by the FUZZY logic model. Finally, the overlap of the laye(RS) was performed using a FUZZY algebraic summation operator (SUM) in Arcmap software and thus maps related to flood risk zoning of Darab city with different return periods and on 5 floo(RS) were extracted. In maps obtained with different return periods, the pattern is almost identical and similar. According to the final plans, the risk of floods with return periods of 25, 15, 5, and 50 yea(RS), respectively 9. 91, 9. 39, 8. 4, and 9. 93% of the area of the city with flood risk Very low fertility and 9. 24, 10. 64, 11. 90 and 8. 65% of its area has a very high risk of flooding.

Nowadays the use of REMOTE SENSING and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ((GIS)) is one of the most powerful cost effective tools to identify and discover the available groundwater reSOURCEs. In this paper, Lithological Units, Lineaments, Slope, Topography, Drainage density, Vegetation and Isohyets lines have been achieved by stations and through REMOTE SENSING and (GIS) techniques. All laye(RS) of different classes were initialized through hierarchical analysis to potential areas of groundwater and after modeling in (GIS) Environment, Mahdishahr zone was classified according to the potential groundwater basins. The results show that in the 7 reviewed criteria by the expertise and Analytical Hierarchy Process, geological criterion and lineaments with the relative importance of 0.33 and 0.22, respectively, have greatest importance and priority for potentiality of groundwater in the region. Also in the studied area, Quaternary Alluvium consisted of old and new terrace and river sediments have the highest relative importance and desirability and terrace reSOURCEs and the elevated old and low height new Foothill Alluvial fans are considered as good potential areas of groundwater. Shemshak Sandstone formations and Barut with a high density lineaments and Tizkouh formation with the thick laye(RS) of limestone and Barut are also good areas for groundwater.

The purpose of this study to determine the spatial distribution of HEAVY-METAL cadmium, copper and lead, are using (GIS) and Geo-statistics, and Geological structure and Land use effects on the concentration of these METALs in the soil. Fi(RS)t, using 39 surface soils (0-20 cm) random SYSTEMatic sampling in Nahavand city in Hamadan province 1623 square kilomete(RS) were collected and total element concentrations, soil characteristics, including the pH, EC and organic matte(RS) were measured. Interpolation for HEAVY METALs concentrations were used kriging methods, and assisting location correlation analysis, interpolation suitable method was chosen using RMSE and RMSS values and MAE and MBE function. For HEAVY METAL's concentration maps, cadmium, we used Disjunctive Kriging and exponential model, for Copper, Ordinary Kriging and exponential models and Zinc, Disjunctive Kriging and Spherical model. Furthermore, for analyzing the METAL's concentration distribution maps from land use and geology maps were used. Land use map using the hybrid method (The combination of supervised and unsupervised classification) on the image AWIFS 1387 with Kappa 0.91 and accuracy 95% was obtained. Interpolation map's analysis showed that the METALs cadmium, Copper and Zinc have geological and agricultural origins. These METALs are present naturally in soil, but human activity has caused the accumulation of these METALs in the soil.

Most aquife(RS) of semi-arid regions in Iran suffer from over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation purposes. It is therefore important to augment the groundwater reSOURCE by artificial recharge, using floodwate(RS). Generally, the recharge schemes consist of diverting part of the flood discharges of ephemeral rive(RS) in small to medium-size catchments into infiltration basins. Apart from recharging groundwater, and supporting food production and drinking water supplies, the schemes have other benefits, such as the mitigation of flood damage. The complexity of flood water spreading schemes using flash floods of ephemeral rive(RS) in semi-arid regions became evident during the task of selecting, defining and structuring criteria for the selection of suitable areas and sites for a scheme. Complexity is due to a large number of facto(RS) that play a role in the selection of the most suitable sites for deciding on investment in a scheme These facto(RS) pertain to earth science (geology, geomorphology, soils), to hydrology (runoff and sediment yield, infiltration and groundwater conditions) and to socio-economic aspects (irrigated agriculture, flood damage mitigation, environment and so on). This paper deals with developing a DSS to assist decisions as to where suitable catchments and associated infiltration areas are located. The DSS developed relies on the combined use of REMOTEly sensed INFORMATION and (GIS) techniques. For implementation of the related phase of the DSS, a region (Bandar Abbas) was selected as the case study for suitable zone(s) selection. The DSS shows the great ability for selection of potential zones for floodwater spreading. It can be concluded that the interpretation results could be regarded as being more than the sum of separate 'interpretation' laye(RS): i.e. geology, geomorphology and land use. The interpreter has to have a firm footing in earth science.

Geotourism which is one of the tourism branches is economically profitable industry. Economic balance between the different areas, protection of natural heritage, preventing environmental degradation, creating job opportunities, improving the quality of cultural pe(RS)pectives could be considered as positive consequences in the planning of this type of tourism. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geotourism potential of Rafsanjan County using REMOTE SENSING and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ((GIS)). In order to reach this purpose satellite image processing, along with field observations surveys and other SOURCEs of INFORMATION such as reports, roads, soil and geology, and topography, maps were utilized. Fi(RS)t the effective facto(RS) on geotourism were discriminated using study of different literatures and interview with experts. Then the data for these facto(RS) were prepared through satellite images, field data, topography and geology maps and their database were created at (GIS). Finally the suitable value were assigned to each facto(RS) according to the questionnaire and the geotourism potential were determine through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted overlay model. The results revealed that the AHP and (GIS) have great efficiency in discriminating potential areas and Rafsanjan country contain relatively good potential for geotourism activities.

In this study, selected statistical methods (Pea(RS)on correlation, factor analysis and GEOSTATISTICS) were used to determine correlation between elements and POLLUTION SOURCEs in their spatial variability in different parts of Anzali wetland. During of study Major elements and HEAVY METALs (Al, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ti, S, P, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, V, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentration in 18 points of wetland and rive(RS) flowing into it were measured. Factor analysis and Pea(RS)on correlation results demonstrated that Ni has natural and anthropogenic SOURCE whereas As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn and V have anthropogenic SOURCE. The ordinary kriging method applied for Spatial variability and interpolation of data in geostatistical study. Fi(RS)tly normality of data was determined by using Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and after semi-variogram calculation, Circular, Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian models were fitted to each of HEAVY METALs. RMS parameter of Cross-Validation was used for model validity. For As, Cu and Pb is exponential and for Cd, Zn, Ni circular are the best models. Results for As, Cu, Ni and Pb reveal the high estimation accuracy. POLLUTION zonation map that is produced by kriging and (GIS) showed Hendekhale and Shijan are the most polluting districts and Siakishom is the most none POLLUTION part of Anzali wetland.

Main goal in this article is presenting a new method to separate the vary lithologies from granite and granodioritic rocks, applying REMOTE SENSING ((RS)) and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMs ((GIS)), with the least error within a local geological area of Shirkooh-e-Yazd. All the analyses are based on the Landsat satellite image of the studied area. To do so, the chosen formatted images is converted into the (RS) and (GIS) formats. Applying the local image bands composition, a seven band color image has been presented. Fusing the color imaged into the pan bands ones, a new image has been produced with the segregating distance ability of 15 mete(RS). The image geometry has been corrected by the local point's measurements of GPS in a very accurate position. Different band created colored image was able to separate the lithology within the studied area precisely. The separated lithology of granite and granodiorite were also tested by both supervised and unsupervised classification method. The unsupervised classification was applied in 6, 8, 10 different bands to find the best separation resolution. Also supervised classification has been applied by choosing some areas as controlled locations, where also have been located by GPS. Comparing the different results merged from different methods, e.g. classification and interpretation ones, illustrate the possible important erro(RS) in the extracted results. In the last step, a very precise map based on the igneous lithology has been presented.

Background: In regions with heightened pollutant concentrations, especially in industrial and urban areas, dust plays a crucial role in carrying complex METAL components, posing environmental challenges and health risks. This study utilized POLLUTION indicato(RS) and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ((GIS)) to delineate the spatial distribution of HEAVY METALs in the Arak plain.Methods: Dust samples from 30 stations across the Arak plain were SYSTEMatically collected through random sampling. Analysis using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES) allowed the calculation of POLLUTION indices (PI) and the Nemerow Integrated POLLUTION Index (NIPI) for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe). (GIS) generated spatial distribution maps depicting METAL POLLUTION.Results: The average concentrations were 45.5 mg/kg for Pb, 10.7 mg/kg for Zn, 0.47 mg/kg for Cu, 30.8 mg/kg for Ni, and 0.206 mg/kg for Fe. Analysis of PI, NIPI, and spatial distribution maps revealed heightened POLLUTION in the northeast, center, south, and southwest areas of the Arak plain, attributed to human activities like HEAVY vehicle traffic, high population density, concentrated agriculture, and specific industrial operations.Conclusion: The study recommends mitigation strategies, including biological methods like phytoremediation, promotion of public transportation, mandatory environmental standards for industries, and encouragement of green practices. These initiatives aim to address and reduce environmental POLLUTION in the Arak plain.